Source:- Google.com.pk
Bollywood is the sobriquet of the Hindi language film industry, based in Mumbai, India. The term is often incorrectly used to refer to the whole of Indian cinema; however, it is only a part of the large Indian film industry, which includes other production centres producing films in multiple languages.[1] Bollywood is one of the largest film producers in India and one of the largest centres of film production in the world.[2][3][4] It is more formally referred to as Hindi Film cinema
Bollywood 100 Crore Club is an unofficial designation "formed" by the Indian trade and the media, related to films that have net INR 100 crore or more in India after deducting theEntertainment tax.[1] As of 2012, the 100 crore box office target had become "a new benchmark for a film to be declared a hit" [2] and those affiliated with the 100 Crore Club were considered part of the "elite strata" within the Bollywood film community.[3] In their annual awards for 2012, Zee Cine Awards added a category "The Power Club Box Office" to recognize directors whose films had reached the 100 crore mark.[4] The 100 Crore Club designation has replaced previous Bollywood indications of success which had included great music, the "Silver Jubilee"[5] or the "Diamond Jubilee" (films that ran for 75 weeks in theatres).[6] The concentration on reaching the club has been criticised, with Arshad Warsi stating, "I find this whole Rs. 100 crore club very stupid. How can every film releasing lately do a business of Rs. 100 crores all of a sudden? Instead of this, we need to concentrate on making good films."[7]
The Hindustan Times "Brunch" column claims to have coined the term.[8] Initially the term applied only to the lead male actor.[1] Komal Nahta stated that "excluding women from the group is characteristic of an industry which exercises gender discrimination more than other industries."[1] By 2013, the usage had expanded to variously include the film itself, the director,[4] and the lead actress.[9]
The 100 crore domestic box office became possible in part because of a steady rise in the ticket price, a tripling in the number of theaters and an increase in the number of prints of a film being released.[10] However, DNA reported that "Filmmakers and distributors too are known to leave no stone unturned in their attempt to cross over to the right side" of the 100 crore mark."[4] The Times of India canceled its "Box Office" column in November 2013 because "The stakes of filmmakers have increased so much that they are willing to go any distance to manipulate and jack up their numbers to beat each other's records." and the Times felt they were no longer able to provide accurate enough figures because "Films that have not reached the '100 crore mark but are close will insist that they have reached the `100 crore figure as they can't resist being in the '100 crore club.'"[11]
Shahid Kapoor called the designation a "fad" which was leading to "massy films which are very basic in their understanding and high on entertainment. But if we run only to achieve those figures then we will restrict ourselves as actors"[2] On the other hand, Dibakar Banerjee, while agreeing with Kapoor about the impact on content stated, "I hope the club stays and grows to many more crores. Films as they do more business boost the confidence of audience and investors alike and everybody benefits."[12] Priyanka Choprasaid that being part of films in the 100 Crore Club allowed her to also do less commercial "women oriented films", and lamented that as of December 2013 no woman oriented films had achieved the 100 Crore Club designation.[13]
Variations of the "Bollywood 100 Crore Club" came into use, such as the "Bollywood 400 Crore Club" when the film Chennai Express reported box office receipts of 400 crore in 2013,[14] and the "Tollywood 40 Crore Club", which relates to Telugu films that have earned over INR40 crore (US$6.3 million)The name "Bollywood" is a portmanteau derived from Bombay (the former name for Mumbai) and Hollywood, the center of theAmerican film industry.[6] However, unlike Hollywood, Bollywood does not exist as a physical place. Though some deplore the name, arguing that it makes the industry look like a poor cousin to Hollywood,[6][7] it has its own entry in the Oxford English Dictionary.
The naming scheme for "Bollywood" was inspired by "Tollywood", the name that was used to refer to the cinema of West Bengal. Dating back to 1932, "Tollywood" was the earliest Hollywood-inspired name, referring to the Bengali film industry based in Tollygunge, Calcutta, whose name is reminiscent of "Hollywood" and was the center of thecinema of India at the time.[8] It was this "chance juxtaposition of two pairs of rhyming syllables," Holly and Tolly, that led to the portmanteau name "Tollywood" being coined. The name "Tollywood" went on to be used as a nickname for the Bengali film industry by the popular Kolkata-based Junior Statesman youth magazine, establishing a precedent for other film industries to use similar-sounding names, eventually leading to the term "Bollywood" being coined.[9] However, more popularly, Tollywood is now used to refer to the Telugu Film Industry in Telangana & Andhra Pradesh. The term "Bollywood" itself has origins in the 1970s, when India overtook America as the world's largest film producer. Credit for the term has been claimed by several different people, including the lyricist, filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna,[10] and the journalist Bevinda Collaco..
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